![]() The concept of BD was introduced at the end of the 19th century by Emil Kraepelin ( 2) who referred to this disorder as “manic depressive insanity.” About 70 years later, the term “bipolar” was proposed to indicate the condition in which both depression and mania, the opposite poles of mood, alternate in the course of the illness ( 3). The resulting cognitive deficits, the high risk of suicide, and the occurrence of severe psychiatric and medical comorbidities all make BD one of the major causes of mortality and disability worldwide ( 1). Contributions of the different types of glial cells to BD and sleep abnormalities are discussed in this paper.īipolar disorder (BD) is a recurrent disorder that affects in excess of 1% of the world population and usually has its onset in young age. Understanding the role of neuroglia in BD and in various aspects of sleep is in nascent state. Alterations in the structure or duration of sleep are reported in all phases of BD. The symptom most widespread in BD is insomnia, followed by excessive daytime sleepiness, nightmares, difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep, poor sleep quality, sleep talking, sleep walking, and obstructive sleep apnea. Preservation of stable sleep–wake cycles is therefore a key to the maintenance of stability in BD, indicating the crucial role of circadian rhythms in this syndrome. Sleep abnormalities are frequently associated with BD and are often a good predictor of a mood swing. ![]() The BD syndrome also involves heterogeneous symptomatology, including cognitive dysfunctions and impairments of the autonomic nervous system. Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness characterized by shifts in mood and activity. The worldwide prevalence of sleep disorders is approximately 50%, with an even higher occurrence in a psychiatric population. ![]() 4Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain.3Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.2Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.1Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.Luca Steardo Jr 1*, Renato de Filippis 1, Elvira Anna Carbone 1, Cristina Segura-Garcia 2, Alexei Verkhratsky 3,4 and Pasquale De Fazio 1 ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |